r/Assyria Oct 17 '20

Announcement r/Assyria FAQ

206 Upvotes

Who are the Assyrians?

The Assyrian people (ܣܘܪ̈ܝܐ, Sūrāyē/Sūrōyē), also incorrectly referred to as Chaldeans, Syriacs or Arameans, are the native people of Assyria which constitutes modern day northern Iraq, south-eastern Turkey, north-western Iran and north-eastern Syria.

Modern day Assyrians are descendants of the ancient Assyrians who ruled the Assyrian empire that was established in 2500 BC in the city of Aššur (ܐܵܫܘܿܪ) and fell with the loss of its capital Nineveh (ܢܝܼܢܘܹܐ) in 612 BC.

After the fall of the empire, the Assyrians continued to enjoy autonomy for the next millennia under various rulers such as the Achaemenid, Seleucid, Parthian, Sasanian and Roman empires, with semi-autonomous provinces such as:

This time period would end in 637 AD with the Islamic conquest of Mesopotamia and the placement of Assyrians under the dhimmī status.

Assyrians then played a significant role under the numerous caliphates by translating works of Greek philosophers to Syriac and afterwards to Arabic, excelling in philosophy and science, and also serving as personal physicians to the caliphs.

During the time of the Ottoman Empire, the 'millet' (meaning 'nation') system was adopted which divided groups through a sectarian manner. This led to Assyrians being split into several millets based on which church they belonged to. In this case, the patriarch of each respective church was considered the temporal and spiritual leader of his millet which further divided the Assyrian nation.

What language do Assyrians speak?

Assyrians of today speak Assyrian Aramaic, a modern form of the Aramaic language that existed in the Assyrian empire. The official liturgical language of all the Assyrian churches is Classical Syriac, a dialect of Middle Aramaic which originated from the Syriac Christian heartland of Urhai (modern day Urfa) and is mostly understood by church clergymen (deacons, priests, bishops, etc).

Assyrians speak two main dialects of Assyrian Aramaic, namely:

  • Eastern Assyrian (historically spoken in Iraq, Iran, Syria and Turkey)
  • The Western Assyrian dialect of Turoyo (historically spoken in Turkey and Syria).

Assyrians use three writing systems which include the:

  • Western 'Serṭo' (ܣܶܪܛܳܐ)
  • Eastern 'Maḏnḥāyā' (ܡܲܕ݂ܢܚܵܝܵܐ‬), and
  • Classical 'ʾEsṭrangēlā' (ܐܣܛܪܢܓܠܐ‬) scripts.

A visual on the scripts can be seen here.

Assyrians usually refer to their language as Assyrian, Syriac or Assyrian Aramaic. In each dialect exists further dialects which would change depending on which geographic area the person is from, such as the Nineveh Plain Dialect which is mistakenly labelled as "Chaldean Aramaic".

Before the adoption of Aramaic, Assyrians spoke Akkadian. It wasn't until the time of Tiglath-Pileser II who adopted Aramaic as the official lingua-franca of the Assyrian empire, most likely due to Arameans being relocated to Assyria and assimilating into the Assyrian population. Eventually Aramaic replaced Akkadian, albeit current Aramaic dialects spoken by Assyrians are heavily influenced by Akkadian.

What religion do Assyrians follow?

Assyrians are predominantly Syriac Christians who were one of the first nations to convert to Christianity in the 1st century A.D. They adhere to both the East and West Syriac Rite. These churches include:

  • East Syriac Rite - [Assyrian] Church of the East and the Chaldean Catholic Church
  • West Syriac Rite - Syriac Orthodox Church and Syriac Catholic Church

It should be noted that Assyrians initially belonged to the same church until schisms occurred which split the Assyrians into two churches; the Church of the East and the Church of Antioch. Later on, the Church of the East split into the [Assyrian] Church of the East and the Chaldean Catholic Church, while the Church of Antioch split into the Syriac Orthodox Church and the Syriac Catholic Church. This is shown here.

Prior to the mass conversion of Assyrians to Christianity, Assyrians believed in ancient Mesopotamian deities, with the highest deity being Ashur).

A Jewish Assyrian community exists in Israel who speak their own dialects of Assyrian Aramaic, namely Lishan Didan and Lishana Deni. Due to pogroms committed against the Jewish community and the formation of the Israeli state, the vast majority of Assyrian Jews now reside in Israel.

Why do some Assyrians refer to themselves as Chaldean, Syriac or Aramean?

Assyrians may refer to themselves as either Chaldean, Syriac or Aramean depending on their specific church denomination. Some Assyrians from the Chaldean Catholic Church prefer to label themselves as Chaldeans rather than Assyrian, while some Assyrians from the Syriac Orthodox Church label themselves as Syriac or Aramean.

Identities such as "Chaldean" are sectarian and divisive, and would be the equivalent of a Brazilian part of the Roman Catholic Church calling themselves Roman as it is the name of the church they belong to. Furthermore, ethnicities have people of more than one faith as is seen with the English who have both Protestants and Catholics (they are still ethnically English).

It should be noted that labels such as Nestorian, Jacobite or Chaldean are incorrect terms that divide Assyrians between religious lines. These terms have been used in a derogatory sense and must be avoided when referring to Assyrians.

Do Assyrians have a country?

Assyrians unfortunately do not have a country of their own, albeit they are the indigenous people of their land. The last form of statehood Assyrians had was in 637 AD under the Sasanian Empire. However some Eastern Assyrians continued to live semi-autonomously during the Ottoman Empire as separate tribes such as the prominent Tyari (ܛܝܪܐ) tribe.

Assyrians are currently pushing for a self-governed Assyrian province in the Nineveh Plain of Northern Iraq.

What persecution have Assyrians faced?

Assyrians have faced countless massacres and genocide over the course of time mainly due to their Christian faith. The most predominant attacks committed recently against the Assyrian nation include:

  • 1843 and 1846 massacres carried out by the Kurdish warlord Badr Khan Beg
  • The Assyrian genocide of 1915 (ܣܝܦܐ, Seyfo) committed by the Ottoman Empire and supported by Kurdish tribes
  • The Simele massacre committed by the Kingdom of Iraq in 1933
  • Most recently the persecution and cultural destruction of Assyrians from their ancestral homeland in 2014 by the so-called Islamic State

r/Assyria Dec 21 '25

News First Post from Assyrians Without Borders

46 Upvotes

Hello Reddit,

We’re excited to share our first post as Assyrians Without Borders. We are a Sweden-based non-profit organization with a 90-account under Swedish Fundraising Control, working to improve the lives of Assyrians (also known as Syriacs and Chaldeans) in their countries of origin. We operate independently and are politically and religiously neutral.

With this post, we want to update the community and be more present on social media with our work and initiatives. We also plan to continue sharing updates on various platforms and here in the future.

You can read more about our latest project, which AssyriaPost wrote about, here:

https://www.assyriapost.com/assyrians-without-borders-shifts-focus-toward-long-term-aid-projects/

For more information and to support our work, our profile includes links to our social media and Linktree, which accepts both Swedish and international payments.


r/Assyria 28m ago

News Baghdad declares return of Assyrian diaspora a top national priority

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r/Assyria 27m ago

News World's first Assyrian run club finds its stride in Sydney

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r/Assyria 22h ago

Discussion My ancestry results. Assyrian, Armenian, and Jewish.

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13 Upvotes

r/Assyria 1d ago

Discussion Unsolved Murder, Unresolved Justice. Plight of Assyrians in Turkey in recent years.

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12 Upvotes

r/Assyria 1d ago

Discussion Are there any bus arrangements for Metro-Detroiters to attend the Assyrian rally in Chicago this month?

8 Upvotes

https://www.facebook.com/61591624633048/posts/if-not-us-then-whoif-not-now-then-whenevery-generation-has-a-responsibility-to-p/122107385793387487/

Title self-explanatory. A relative showed me this post from Facebook. I don't have Facebook, so can't ask on there.


r/Assyria 2d ago

History/Culture Nusardil Celebrations in Barwar

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44 Upvotes

r/Assyria 2d ago

News Kurds to honor Lindsey Graham with statue in Erbil (kurdish region)

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18 Upvotes

r/Assyria 2d ago

Cultural Exchange Trying to learn syriac aramaic

7 Upvotes

Shlomo, well, as the title says.

I am looking for someone that can speak syriac aramaic, i want to learn it, but internet is really meh for it and language discord servers dont help so much about it, a lot of language but no aramaic.

Can someone help me pls? :ccccc tawdi


r/Assyria 3d ago

Announcement Los Angeles July 31st

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28 Upvotes

This will be a big night for us - would love to see you all there if you are in the LA area.


r/Assyria 3d ago

Language In what order did Assyrian languages appear/evolve?

3 Upvotes

Hello ! I've been starting to learn about syrian history, mostly focusing on Assyria as of now, but i'm having trouble understanding which language is a dialect of another dialect/language and whatnot 🥲

Basically, from my understanding, before Assyria, most people in that region spoke ancient semitic languages. Then, when Assyria came by, akkadian became the "usual" language (maybe with an assyrian dialect being spoken? some sources say so while others don't mention that at all); while akkadian was the most widespread language, aramaic was also growing rapidly. Here is where my problem lies : what exactly is surayt? Some sources say it's a mix of akkadian and aramaic, others say it's a dialect of aramaic alone, and others say that it's a dialect of akkadian alone 🥲 🥲 And if i'm honest i don't even know if my timeline is correct : i know surayt is a dialect that exists, but i have no idea if it was spoken at the time.

Furthermore, is surayt a subdivision of the Assyrian language? If yes, then what is syriac?? Also, what exactly IS the Assyrian language? A dialect of aramaic or akkadian? A separate third entity? (i am losing my mind)

Another thing i'm struggling with is understanding how arabic came to be spoken : was it an evolution of aramaic? Of assyrian? of something else? 🙀

tldr : From what i could gather, my understanding is as follows : Akkadian and Aramaic were spoken at the same time, then they both came together to form what we call the Assyrian language, which is itself divided between surayt and syriac which BOTH evolved into/were replaced (?) by arabic (somehow).

Is any of this correct? I'm sorry if this doesn't make much sense : english is my second language and it's hard to even articulate what my problem exactly is. I don't even know if this is the correct subreddit to ask :((

Thank you so much to anyone who might answer ! Please consider helping my confused self 💔

This was originally posted in AskHistorians, but i figure this subreddit could also help! 🫶


r/Assyria 4d ago

Music Trying to find this song? HELP

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1 Upvotes

Is there anybody that has a YT link to this beautiful Assyrian song? Bassima raba!


r/Assyria 4d ago

Discussion Syriac orthodox needs help!

10 Upvotes

ܫܠܵܡܵܐ ܐܲܚܲܝ ܘܚܲܒܝܒܲܝ!
I’m Syriac Orthodox from Brazil, and i would like to learn more on the discussion between aramean and Assyrian ethnicity.

Here in Brazil the Conservatives Syriac orthodox are more aligned towards Syriac orthodox, ACOE and Chaldeans all sharing the same ethnicity as Assyrians.

However recently an European came to me saying that it is actually wrong and the are only arameans and Chaldeans in history and that Assyrian name was created earlier this century by British or something like that

He also mentioned that Mor Afrem used the Syriac term for Assyrian as an curse and that Assyrians have only ever been used for curses through history

So I’d like to understand more on it
I’m primarily aligned towards a common ethnicity between ours people. But I also need to learn arguments on it

So that’s why I ask your help!! 😁
ܬܘܕܝ


r/Assyria 4d ago

Discussion Interesting discovery

1 Upvotes

This is interesting, as it directly correlates to the ancient empires in antiquity.


r/Assyria 5d ago

History/Culture Clarification on ACOE member receiving Eucharist in Catholic Church

2 Upvotes

Hi all,

I have a theological question. I am in the ACOE and when I go to Church that isn't ACOE, i.e., Roman Catholic, I receive Holy Communion. I have always done this because of my understanding of the Common Christological Declaration Between the Catholic Church and the Assyrian Church of the East and the findings of the Joint Committee for Theological Dialogue between the Catholic Church and the Assyrian Church of the East.

However I just realized I may have misread the guidelines 🙃. I thought because of the resolution reached by this committee, I was able to get communion at any Catholic Church. However, upon further reading, I realized it specifically says at a Chaldean Catholic Church:

1. When necessity requires, Assyrian faithful are permitted to participate and to receive Holy Communion in a Chaldean celebration of the Holy Eucharist; in the same way, Chaldean faithful for whom it is physically or morally impossible to approach a Catholic minister, are permitted to participate and to receive Holy Communion in an Assyrian celebration of the Holy Eucharist.
[...]
4. The above considerations on the use of the Anaphora of Addai and Mari and the present guidelines for admission to the Eucharist, are intended exclusively in relation to the Eucharistic celebration and admission to the Eucharist of the faithful from the Chaldean Church and the Assyrian Church of the East, in view of the pastoral necessity and ecumenical context mentioned above.

Would the fact that the Chaldean Church being a sui iuris church in communion with the worldwide Catholic Church mean that my permission is extended to the latter ? I am sensing no, and I guess from now on I will only cross my arms for a blessing lol


r/Assyria 7d ago

History/Culture Konkan Classic

3 Upvotes

Konkan Classic - Assyrian card game is now live on the app store. Come play your favorite assyrian card game growing up!

We’ve added some unique avatars and some funny items to throw on our loot shop!

We appreciate all those that helped us discover bugs during our beta testing and we appreciate everyone’s continued support!

https://apps.apple.com/app/id6767430745

https://konkan.pro/


r/Assyria 8d ago

History/Culture Assyrians in Mardin

20 Upvotes

I’m look for information about Assyrians in Mardin before Sayfo. I’m descended from Assyrians who originated from Mardin, but immigrated to Lebanon and became completely Arabized. I’m very interested in learning about a past that my family had entirely lost their connection with.


r/Assyria 9d ago

History/Culture Trying to trace my Syrian Christian great-great-grandfather — Zgheib family from Homs

11 Upvotes

Hey, I'm Chilean and have been digging into my family history. My great-great-grandfather was Abdoun Jorge Zgheib (عبدون جورج زغيب), born December 15, 1892 in Homs, Syria.

He ended up in Chile via Argentina sometime in the early 1900s.

I actually have his Argentine identity card from 1928 with his photo and his name handwritten in Arabic — pretty wild that it survived this long in the family.

A few things I'm trying to figure out:

Does anyone know the Zgheib (زغيب) family from Homs?

What church would a Christian family from Homs with this surname likely have belonged to? Greek Orthodox, Syriac, Melkite?

Could the name Abdoun point to Assyrian or Syriac roots?

His wife was Lebanese, surname Marduj (not sure of the Arabic spelling — could be مردوج or something else). Anyone recognize it?

Any leads appreciated. Thanks!


r/Assyria 8d ago

History/Culture Does anybody know these tribes?

3 Upvotes

Hey guys has anybody here ever heard of the tribes: Basimi, Nikalint, Omiqi, and Orzo?


r/Assyria 9d ago

News Assyrian Democratic Organization Leader Gabriel Moushe Gawrieh appointed to Syria’s new People’s Assembly by President al-Sharaa

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20 Upvotes

r/Assyria 9d ago

Video Concan

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5 Upvotes

Your favourite Assyrian card game is now on your phone.

PS: Living in Assyria? Your avatar automatically gets the Assyrian flag.

iPhone: AppStore

Android: Google Play


r/Assyria 10d ago

News Assyrians in Northern Iraq protest ongoing Kurdish land grabs

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55 Upvotes

r/Assyria 10d ago

Language Chaldean or Assyrian?

6 Upvotes

Hello to all Chaldean and Assyrian friends, and to anyone familiar with their languages.

What does "قوماخا" mean?